Eye Inflammation: Viral or Bacterial Conjunctivitis

What is eye inflammation?

The clear membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white of the eye (conjunctiva) can get red and swollen. This is called conjunctivitis or pinkeye.

What is the cause?

Conjunctivitis can be caused by many things, including infections by viruses or bacteria. Many kinds of bacteria can cause conjunctivitis. These include bacteria that cause strep, staph, and STD infections.

Conjunctivitis caused by a virus can be spread easily to other people. The same viruses that cause the common cold can cause viral conjunctivitis. Viruses can be spread by coughing or sneezing and can get in your eyes through contact with infected:

• hands
• washcloths or towels
• cosmetics
• false eyelashes
• soft contact lenses

Avoid unnecessary contact with others so that you do not spread the disease.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms may include:

• itchy or scratchy eyes
• redness
• painful sensitivity to light
• swelling of eyelids
• matting of eyelashes
• pus or watery discharge

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your medical history and if you have been near someone who has conjunctivitis. Your provider will examine your eyes. He or she will also check for enlarged lymph nodes near your ear and jaw. Your provider may get lab tests of a sample of the pus to see what type of germs are present.

How is it treated?

Like a cold, viral conjunctivitis will usually go away on its own without treatment. However, your healthcare provider may prescribe eyedrops to help control your symptoms. Antihistamine pills may also relieve the itching and redness.

If bacteria are causing the infection, your healthcare provider will prescribe antibiotic eyedrops. With antibiotics, the pinkeye should improve in a couple of days. It is important to avoid close contact with people until you have used the antibiotics for 24 hours and your eye does not have a lot of pus. Children can usually return to school or day care after they have had 24 hours of antibiotic treatment.

For very severe forms of conjunctivitis, antibiotics may need to be given by mouth or with a shot or an IV.

Viral conjunctivitis usually gets worse 5 to 7 days after the first symptoms. It can get better in 10 days to 1 month. If only one eye is affected at first, the other eye may become infected up to 2 weeks later. Usually, if both eyes are affected, the first eye has worse conjunctivitis than the second.

How can I take care of myself?

• Follow your treatment plan.
• You can also help your eyes get better by washing them gently to remove any pus or crusts. Then dry them gently with a clean towel.
• If you wear contact lenses, you will need to stop wearing them until your eyes are healed. The combination of contacts and conjunctivitis may damage your cornea (the clear outer layer on the front of your eye) and cause severe vision problems. Your provider may ask you to throw away your current contact lenses and lens case.

How can I help prevent conjunctivitis?

To keep from getting conjunctivitis from someone who has it, or to keep from spreading it to others, follow these guidelines:

• Wash your hands often. Do not touch or rub your eyes.
• Never share eye makeup or cosmetics with anyone. When you have conjunctivitis, throw out all eye makeup you have been using.
• Never use eye medicine that has been prescribed for someone else.
• Do not share towels, washcloths, pillows, or sheets with anyone. If one of your eyes is affected but not the other, use a separate towel for each eye.
• Avoid swimming in swimming pools if you have conjunctivitis.
• Avoid close contact with people until your symptoms improve. Depending on your job, you may be asked to take some time off from work.

When should I call my healthcare provider?

Call your provider if:

• You have any severe eye pain.
• Your symptoms do not improve after you have used your medicine for 3 days (if you have bacterial conjunctivitis).
• Your symptoms do not improve after 2 weeks (if you have viral conjunctivitis).
• Your eyes get very sensitive to light or your vision worsens, even after the redness is gone.