LASIK Surgery

What is LASIK?

LASIK is a type of eye surgery that uses a laser to change the shape of the cornea. The cornea is the clear outer layer on the front of the eye. LASIK is an abbreviation for laser in situ keratomileusis.

When is it used?

LASIK may correct your vision and reduce your need for glasses or contact lenses. Most people have at least 20/40 vision after LASIK. It may be used to treat:

• Mild to moderately severe nearsightedness. Nearsightedness means that you see close objects clearly, but distant objects are blurry. This happens when the eyeball is too long or when the outer layer of the eye, called the cornea, is too curved. This causes light rays to focus at a point in front of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina) instead of directly on it.
• Mild farsightedness. Farsightedness is when you see distant objects clearly, but close objects are blurry. This happens when the eyeball is too short or when the outer layer of the eye, called the cornea is too flat. This causes light rays to focus behind the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye called the retina instead of directly on it.
• Astigmatism. Astigmatism is distorted vision caused by an unevenly curved cornea. The cornea is the clear outer layer on the front of the eye. As a result of astigmatism, your vision is somewhat blurry all the time.

Be sure to talk to your provider about how much improvement in your vision you can realistically expect.

Often both eyes are done at the same time. However, your provider may prefer to do one at a time. Healing after LASIK surgery is usually faster than recovery after other types of eye surgery.

Instead of this procedure, other treatments or procedures may include:

• having a different procedure to reshape the cornea
• wearing glasses or contact lenses

You may choose not to have treatment. Ask your healthcare provider about your choices for treatment and the risks.

How do I prepare for the procedure?

• Very accurate measurements are needed for LASIK. Contact lenses can change the shape of the cornea. Do not wear rigid contact lenses for 3 weeks or soft contact lenses for 2 weeks before your appointment for evaluation for surgery. Ask your provider how long before the procedure to stop wearing your contacts.
• Some medicines (like aspirin) may increase your risk of bleeding during or after the procedure. Ask your healthcare provider if you need to avoid taking any medicine or supplements before the procedure.
• You may or may not need to take your regular medicines the day of the procedure, depending on what they are and when you need to take them. Tell your healthcare provider about all medicines and supplements that you take.
• Do not wear eye makeup, perfume, or cologne on the day of the surgery.
• Follow any other instructions your healthcare provider gives you.
• Ask any questions you have before the procedure. You should understand what your healthcare provider is going to do. You have the right to make decisions about your healthcare and to give permission for any tests or procedures.

What happens during the procedure?

The surgery is done in an office with laser equipment. The provider numbs your eyes with eyedrops. Then he or she makes a small cut part way into the cornea. The provider leaves one edge of this tissue attached to your eye, forming a flap. The flap is then opened, like a door on a hinge. Your provider uses the laser to remove thin layers of tissue inside of the cornea until it is the right shape to improve your vision. The removal of tissue changes the shape of the cornea so that light rays can focus on or closer to the retina, which improves your vision. At the end of the procedure, the provider replaces the flap. No stitches are needed.

What happens after the procedure?

Usually you will be able to see well in a few hours. You will have little or no pain. Your eyes may feel dry for a few days or weeks. Your provider can prescribe eyedrops to reduce the dryness.

If needed, your provider can repeat the procedure at a later time to fine-tune your vision.

Ask your healthcare provider:

• how long it will take to recover
• what activities you should avoid
• how to take care of yourself at home and when you can return to your normal activities
• what symptoms or problems you should watch for and what to do if you have them

Make sure you know when you should come back for a checkup.

What are the risks of LASIK?

Your healthcare provider will explain the procedure and any risks. Some possible risks include:

• Your eyes may be over-corrected or under-corrected, and you may still need glasses or another procedure (a touch-up).
• You may have scarring that causes glare or an irregular astigmatism. This can cause blurry vision, particularly at night.
• You may need glasses for close vision or driving at night. After LASIK some people need to start using reading glasses sooner than they would have without it. (Most people need reading glasses after about age 40 because of normal changes in their eyes.)
• Rarely, the cornea gets severely inflamed, called keratitis. This may need treatment with eyedrops or more surgery.
• Very rarely, you may get an infection, which can cause your vision to be worse than it was before the procedure.
• Very rarely, the flap may be moved if there is minor injury to the eye, because the flap will never heal to the same strength as the cornea.

Every procedure or treatment has risks. Ask your healthcare provider how these risks apply to you. Be sure to discuss any other questions or concerns that you may have.