Rib Injury

What is a rib injury?

The 12 ribs on each side of your chest may be bruised, strained, broken, or separated. All of the ribs are attached to the vertebrae (backbone) in the rear. In the front, 10 of them are attached to the sternum (breastbone) by pieces of cartilage. Direct blows to the ribs may bruise or break the ribs or injure the rib cartilage. The ribs may tear away from the cartilage that attaches them to the breastbone. This tearing away from the cartilage is called a costochondral separation. If a rib cartilage gets inflamed it is called costochondritis.

How does it occur?

Rib injuries usually result from a direct blow to the chest wall. Breaks usually occur in the curved portion of the outer part of the rib cage. A costochondral separation may occur from a blow to the area, a fall, landing hard on your feet, or even when you cough or sneeze violently. Costochondritis may be caused by an infection, repeated coughing, or overuse, such as rowing or heavy lifting. Sometimes the cause is not known.

What are the symptoms?

A rib injury causes pain and tenderness over the place of injury. You may have pain when you breathe, move, laugh, or cough.

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will review your symptoms, examine your rib cage, and listen to your lungs. He or she may order a chest X-ray to look for rib damage, lung damage, or bleeding around the lungs.

How is it treated?

To help your injury heal, your provider may recommend that you:

• Rest.
• Put an ice pack over the injured rib for 20 to 30 minutes every 3 to 4 hours for 2 to 3 days or until the pain goes away.
• Take anti-inflammatory or other pain medicine recommended or prescribed by your provider. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) medicines can cause stomach bleeding, kidney problems, and other problems. Take the medicine as directed. Read and follow all label directions. NSAIDs should not be taken for more than 10 days for pain or 3 days for fever. They should not be taken for other reasons unless recommended by your healthcare provider.
• A rib belt limits movement of your ribs when you cough, breathe, or move your body in other ways. This helps decrease pain. If you wear a rib belt, your provider will give you breathing exercises to help you avoid lung complications.

How long will the effects last?

Bruised ribs and a costochondral separation usually take 3 to 4 weeks to heal. Broken ribs take 6 to 8 weeks to heal.

When can I return to my normal activities?

Everyone recovers from an injury at a different rate. Return to your activities depends on how soon your ribs recover, not by how many days or weeks it has been since your injury has occurred. The goal of rehabilitation is to return you to your normal activities as soon as is safely possible. If you return too soon you may worsen your injury.

Your healthcare provider may take an X-ray to see that the bone has healed before he or she allows you to return to your normal activities. You may participate in noncontact activities if you can do so without pain in your ribs and without pain when you breathe.

How can I prevent a rib injury?

Ribs are often injured in accidents that are not preventable. However, in contact sports such as football it is important to wear the proper protective equipment.