Thigh Bruise and Strain

What is a thigh bruise and strain?

A thigh bruise is a bruise (contusion) to the large group of muscles in the front of the thigh that help straighten the leg. These muscles are called the quadriceps. A strain is a stretch or tear of a muscle or tendon. People commonly call such an injury a "pulled" muscle.

How does it occur?

A thigh bruise is caused by a direct blow to the muscles of the thigh. A strain may be caused by overuse or by an abrupt movement of the thigh in activities such as sprinting or jumping.

What are the symptoms?

You have pain in the middle of your thigh and have trouble walking or running. It may be hard to bend, straighten your leg, or lift your knee. An area of your thigh may be swollen and discolored.

A thigh bruise or strain usually heals without complications. However, a large bruise may bleed a lot into the quadriceps muscle. This bleeding is called a hematoma. The hematoma may become calcified and form a hard lump in the quadriceps muscle. This lump is called osteomyositis ossificans and may cause stiffness or a bump in the muscle that may be very long lasting.

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and examine your thigh. If your provider suspects an area of calcification, an X-ray may be ordered.

How is it treated?

Right after your injury your healthcare provider may wrap your leg in a bent-knee position and place ice over your thigh. This will put a maximum stretch on the thigh muscles, keeping them from becoming too tight or stiff during healing.

To treat this condition:

• Put an ice pack, gel pack, or package of frozen vegetables, wrapped in a cloth on the area every 3 to 4 hours, for up to 20 minutes at a time.
• You could also do ice massage. To do this, first freeze water in a Styrofoam cup, then peel the top of the cup away to expose the ice. Hold the bottom of the cup and rub the ice over the area for 5 to 10 minutes. Do this several times a day while you have pain.
• Raise the thigh on a pillow when you sit or lie down.
• Take an anti-inflammatory medicine such as ibuprofen, or other medicine as directed by your provider. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) may cause stomach bleeding and other problems. These risks increase with age. Read the label and take as directed. Unless recommended by your healthcare provider, do not take for more than 10 days.
• After you recover from your acute injury, use moist heat for 10 to 15 minutes at a time before you do warm-up and stretching exercises. Do not use heat if you have swelling.
• Wear an elastic thigh wrap when you return to sports.

Your provider may prescribe physical therapy, which would include rehabilitation exercises and deep tissue treatments such as ultrasound or electrical stimulation.

While you are recovering from your injury you will need to change your sport or activity to one that does not make your condition worse. For example, you may need to swim instead of run.

When can I return to my normal activities?

Everyone recovers from an injury at a different rate. Return to your activities depends on how soon your thigh recovers, not by how many days or weeks it has been since your injury has occurred. In general, the longer you have symptoms before you start treatment, the longer it will take to get better. The goal of rehabilitation is to return to your normal activities as soon as is safely possible. If you return too soon you may worsen your injury.

You may safely return to your activities when, starting from the top of the list and progressing to the end, each of the following is true:

• You have full range of motion in the injured leg compared to the uninjured leg.
• You have full strength of the injured leg compared to the uninjured leg.
• You can walk straight ahead without pain or limping.

How can I prevent a thigh bruise or strain?

A thigh bruise usually occurs from a direct blow to the thigh, which may not be preventable. However, in contact sports such as football be sure to wear the proper protective equipment. Strains are best prevented by warming up and stretching properly before your activity.